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Jules Schelvis Youth Prize 2023 for Oscar Visser

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The Sobibor Foundation is proud to announce that the Jules Schelvis Youth Prize 2023 has been awarded to Oscar Visser. His paper, “My Family and Sobibor” (Dutch) which stands out for its clear and almost matter-of-fact writing style, deals with the past of the Sobibor extermination camp in a way that is both informative and poignant.

Oscar, a high school student, has chosen an unusual perspective for his paper. Despite personal involvement through the loss of family members, including three in Sobibor and one in Auschwitz, he chooses to step back from individual suffering and focus on the facts: the decision making surrounding the construction of the camp, the executive leadership, the gruesome procedures and the physical layout of Sobibor.

Oscar’s paper gives space to the cold facts, after which he modestly connects to the personal by describing the history of four Stolpersteine in Amsterdam. The sober account of the uprising in Sobibor and the current state of the former camp form the conclusion of his argument, which, however, does not end before he echoes the appeal of Jules Schelvis himself: the story of Sobibor must continue to be told.

Through this approach, the suffering of individuals does not become a veil that obscures the view of the systematic processes of the Holocaust. On the contrary, it strengthens awareness of the immense impact of the events in Sobibor. Oscar demonstrates that a factual approach, in the spirit of Jules Schelvis’s own testimonies, does not mitigate the horror, but the call for remembered

With this piece of work, the Jules Schelvis Youth Prize becomes a symbol of the importance of remembering in a way that encourages thought and action. Oscar Visser’s approach has reinforced the mission of the Sobibor Foundation: to constantly remember and learn from history, so that it never repeats itself.

There were four entries this year.

  1. Pien Gubbels (Drawing with poem)
  2. Oscar L. Visser (Workpiece: My family and Sobibor)
  3. Jop van Schaik, Morris Kuijk, Ivo van Anraad, Jens Bunt (Profile paper Sobibor)
  4. Performing group of 20 young people within Stainless Theater (Shiwwe for Sobibor)

The jury decided unanimously to advise the board of the Sobibor Foundation to award the Jules Schelvis Scholierenprijs 2023 to Oscar Visser:

“Our considerations here were that Oscar’s piece reports on a process in which, by interviewing a survivor, he both gives that person the opportunity to tell his story and also becomes part of that process of passing on the story of Sobibor himself. It takes courage to do such a thing within the family and then, despite the personal connections, to keep a distance from the obviously highly charged and emotional subject. Oscar succeeded. His intention to travel to Poland with his grandfather, by the way, also indicates that the process is not yet complete.

We know from other stories, furthermore, that the point of completion is often not reached either. But that’s not a bad thing. We need each other to deal with this history. The narrator of the story – Oscar’s grandfather – steps in the footsteps of Jules Schelvis and the listener, by recording the story, also follows those footsteps.

Oscar was captivated by his family’s story and knew he had to interview his grandfather. It cannot fail to have deepened his relationship with his grandfather and – we noted – he also indicates that he still wants to visit the camps in former Nazi-occupied Poland with his grandfather. We find it very special that he wants to do that as a young man. If he succeeds, it will be a life-defining experience, perhaps healing for his grandfather, but it is certain that – should Oscar be given it – he will pass on and tell this story and visit to Sobibor to his own children and grandchildren in the future, in the spirit of Jules Schelvis.”.

A special mention by the jury is awarded to the acting group of 20 young people within Roestvrij Theater for the play Shiwwe for Sobibor. The jury: “sitting a shiwwe, that is observing the seven days of mourning when you have just lost a blood relative to death. Twenty young people, associated with Roestvrij Theater, have created unique performances in a series of over twenty performances that are different and tie in with specific stories of transports from Wersterbork to Sobibor. They did so in a way that made the audience feel – as befits a shiwwe – that the loss was recent and still felt in everything. An intensive project that must have made a great impression not only on the spectator, but also on the young people.”

 

The Sobibor Foundation established this prize in 2020 for young people, who in a special way bring attention to the former Nazi extermination camp Sobibor and feel involved in contributing to the lasting memory of Sobibor. The Jules Schelvis Youth Prize consists of a certificate and a sum of €250.

Jury members for the Jules Schelvis Scholierenprijs 2023 were:
Jeroen van den Eijnde, director of National Monument Camp Vught, Maarten Eddes, former chairman of the Sobibor Foundation and Doede Sijtsma, from the Province of Gelderland since 2002 officially involved in developments in Sobibor.

Memorial at the Vondelpark: a mirror for reflection

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At the entrance of the Vondelpark, at the Van Eeghenstraat, has been placed an artwork. On the exact spot where during World War 2 a sign was placed with the text “forbidden for Jews to enter the park”, now is placed a mirror and a textboard.  

The artwork is an initiative of Niels van Deuren, in collaboration with the Amsterdam 4 and 5 May comité and the municipality of Amsterdam. Van Deuren was inspired by the speech of king Willem-Alexander during the Memorial Day of 4 May 2020, in which he said: “Sobibor started in the Vondelpark. With a sign: Forbidden for Jews to enter the park”.

 

Mirror and text

A year later there has been realized a memorial, that consist of a mirror and a textboard. The mirror invites the viewer to think what he or she would do when seeing injustice. Like in 1940, when the anti-Jewish measures started. “And what would you do now, when you see somewhere racism, discrimination or intolerance? Can you look yourself right in the eyes?”.

 

Looking away

The work is one of the first works that highlights “looking away”, what happened during the Second World War. King Willem-Alexander cited during his speech Jules Schelvis, a man who survived Sobibor, who described how the Jews in Amsterdam were arrested during the Second World War, and that the rest of Amsterdam was just looking and looking away: “Hundreds of people looked without any protest to the trams full of [Jewish]people, that passed by under strict supervision”.

Part of the Dutch people took actions of resistance; part of the Dutch people worked together with the Nazis. And the majority of the Dutch did not do anything and looked away for the catastrophe that happened against the Jews and other groups.

Today, still people are looking away, if they say somewhere racism, intolerance, injustice or discrimination. Even if people are very close and could say something about it.

The artwork at the entrance of the Vondelpark, wants to hold a mirror in front of the faces of the people.

 

Title

The title of the bord, “Sobibor – What would you do”, refers to a poem of the killed resistance fighter Gerrit van der Veen “wat would you do”. His poem was published in the resistance newspaper De Vrije Kunstenaar in March 1944.

 

Prosecution of the Jews

In the Second World War anti-Jewish measures were introduced rapidly one after each other. In 1940 the access to most public services was blocked for the Jewish people. In May 1942 it was mandatory to wear the Star of David on the clothes, and in July 1942 the deportations started to the extermination camps. In camps like Sobibor and Auschwitz more than 100.000 Jewish Dutch people were killed.

 

Memorial and flowers

The Amsterdam-Zuid municipality will send flowers to the memorial sign on 4 May.

On the same day, at 17:15h, a memorial will start. Speakers will be Rika, Christine Gispen-de Wied, Micha Bruinvels, Alejandra Slutzky, Kjell van Dijk and Niels van Deuren. Each of them will tell their own story on the theme of “looking away” and racism. On the next page the persons are described more in detail.

More information.

More information can be found on the website: www.4en5meiamsterdam.nl/bord-vondelpark en www.amsterdam.nl/buitenkunst

Selma Engel – Wijnberg passed away

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Selma Wijnberg, the last Dutch survivor of the German extermination camp Sobibór, has passed away. The family informed the Dutch media NOS. Selma Wijnberg was 96 years old.

On 9 April 1943, the then 20-year-old Wijnberg was deported from Camp Westerbork to the extermination camp in nazi-occupied eastern Poland. There she managed to escape in October 1943, during the uprising in Sobibór, with her Polish friend Chaim Engel, whom she had fallen in love with.

Pregnant

After a hellish flight, when most refugees from Sobibor were shot dead, Selma and Chaim found shelter in an attic with a Polish farmer. There they stayed for nine months until they were liberated in July 1944 by the Red Army.

Selma had become pregnant at the farm. On the way in the east of Poland, she gave birth to a son, Emiel. The couple continued with the baby to Odessa on the Black Sea, where they went to Marseille by boat. Emiel died on board. Before the Greek coast the little corpse was thrown into the sea.

Not welcome

Via Marseille, Selma and Chaim ended up in Zwolle, where they moved into hotel Wijnberg, where Selma had grown up. They were certainly not received with open arms. Minister Kolfschoten decided that Chaim should be expelled as an undesirable alien. When the couple married, he determined that Selma also had to leave because she had acquired Polish nationality through her marriage.

Because Poland did not cooperate, the couple could still stay in Zwolle. They got a son and started a fabric store.

In 1951 they emigrated, bitterly about the attitude of the Netherlands, to Israel. From there they moved to the US in 1957, where they continued to live for the rest of their lives. Chaim died in 2003.

Apologies

In 2010 Minister Klink offered apologies on behalf of the Dutch government for the inappropriate treatment she had received after the war. Selma returned for the first time, with her two granddaughters, to the Netherlands, where she visited Zwolle. In 2017 a memorial plaque was placed for her.

The historian Ad van Liempt wrote a book about her, under the title ‘Selma, the woman who survived Sobibor’

In Sobibor, 34,000 Jews from the Netherlands were gassed. Only 18 survived, including Jules Schelvis our founder, who in recent years of his life successfully demanded attention for the horrors that had taken place in Sobibor.

Source: NOS